fish fungus,- alarm bells ringing yet

Fungus Disease Treatment

Fungus spores (Saprolegnia ferox) are always present in water exposed to air.

Fungus disease on the back of a young Goldfish

Fungus disease, also known as cotton wool disease is one of the more common goldfish diseases.  Fungus doesn’t affect healthy fish.  If a fish has sustained an injury, this can give fungus the opportunity to invade the area.
Prolonged low water temperatures may make fish prone to fungus attack as it often occurs in early spring, late autumn and winter.
The presence of parasites such as Costia that bury themselves into skin and gill membrane give fungus the opportunity to establish.
A fish that has a weak immune system due to a poor environment will also contract fungus.
Fungus appears as patches of white cotton wool on the body or fins. If it is left untreated it will spread from the skin into the muscle tissue and the fish will eventually die.

Fungus Disease Treatment Options

There are several treatments that can be used.  The goldfish should already be in a mild salt bath:

• Non-iodized salt.  The strength needed is high, 3 tablespoons per gallon (10 grams per liter).  This is about 1/3rd the strength of sea water.  A weak fish won’t be able to take this amount of salt unless it is added very gradually.  If it starts to lose balance and lay on its side, remove it and give it time to recover.  Use half the amount of salt and try again.

• Malachite green. Bathe the fish in a solution of one part malachite green to five hundred thousand (500,000) parts water for two hours or less then put the fish into a mild salt bath. Malachite green is harmful if too much is used and/or if the fish is too weak from the disease. Use with caution!

• Copper sulphate.  Bathe the fish in a solution of one part sulphate to two million ( 2,000,000) parts water for one to two minutes.
• Potassium permanganate.  Put in one grain per ten gallons of water.
• Methylene Blue.  Swab the affected area with a solution of 5% Methylene Blue.

Some of the chemicals mentioned above are fairly toxic.
My preferred method of treatment is a combination of a salt bath with Methylene Blue added.

I gradually increase the salt content from two to 5-6 heaped teaspoons per gallon over a 24 hour period. I then add Methylene Blue until the water is medium blue. Goldfish can tolerate quite high doses of these chemicals safely. The cure is slower, but safer.
Depending on water temperature and medication level, it can take a week or more before the fungus drops off the affected area.
Feed live foods if available to speed up recovery.
Keep the fish in the sickbay until all traces of fungus have disappeared and the affected area has started to heal.
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Bay leaves and bed bugs

Bay Leaves to Get Rid of Bugs

Bay Leaves to Get Rid of Bugs. Bay leaves contain natural volatile oil from the bay laurel tree. In addition to flavoring food, bay leaves have a reputation for repelling pantry pests, ants and cockroaches. Try bay leaves to protect dried food and get rid of bugs in your kitchen. A compound in bay leaves, eucalyptol, is a natural repellent to the American cockroach, Kansas State University researchers reported in the "Ohio Journal of Science."

Background

Bay leaves have a history as a folk remedy. The oil from bay laurel leaves and berries is used as a rub for bruises and sprains. Bay's role as a folk remedy extends to hysteria, rheumatism pain and gas. Although bay leaves may repel some insects, and it has the advantage of being safe to use in dried foods and in the kitchen, it may not be sufficient by itself to prevent or end insect infestation.

Basic Information

The active ingredient in bay leaves that may help to get rid of bugs bears the common name cineole or eucalyptol. To preserve the active ingredient, avoid heating, microwaving or exposing the bay leaves to direct sunlight. If you have a bay tree, cutting stems of fresh bay leaves will give you a plentiful supply. Bay leaves are also sold for cooking. You can find them in the spice aisle.

Pointers

Washing and drying bay leaves thoroughly prior to use will help prevent contamination. Placing bay leaves directly from a tree into a pantry could infest the pantry with any eggs or larvae present on the leaves. Rinsing them well in a colander and patting them dry with a towel prepares them for use. Crush the bay leaves to release their oils and aroma. Placing the bay leaves in small baskets or other containers makes it convenient to remove and replace them without leaving a mess.

Considerations

There isn't sufficient evidence that bay leaves protect stored food from insects. Use clean, impermeable food storage containers such as metal or glass to store food. Dispose of food infested by insects. Insects leave feces and eggs in food. Store susceptible foods such as flour and other staples in the freezer to protect them from bugs if you've had bugs in your cupboards, the University of Minnesota Extension advises.

References

• University of California Davis: Good Life Garden; April 2011
• "Ohio Journal of Science"; Determining the Active Component in 1,3,3-Trimenthly-2-Oxabicyclo [2,2,2] Octane (Cineole); R. Scriven and C. E. Meloan; 1984
• University of Minnesota Extension: Insect Pests of Stored Foods; Donald Lewis et al.; August 1995

Bay leaf kills roaches

Bay Leaves

How to Kill Roaches Naturally With Bay Leaves. Cockroaches, commonly referred to as roaches, are insects with over 4,500 species, of which only 30 are associated with human habitations. Roaches are known to live in a wide range of environments, but most prefer warm conditions around buildings and homes. Most roaches are about the size of a thumbnail as an adult. They can become an unsightly and unsanitary nuisance in homes if not treated. Bay leaves are strongly disliked by this insect. Roaches dislike the taste of bay leaves and will be deterred from areas which contain these leaves. A solution of heated water, bay leaves and liquid detergent can be used to kill live roaches; it will repel others from coming back.

Things Needed

• Cooking pot
• Bay leaves
• Spray bottle
• Liquid detergent

Step 1

Break up bay leaves into small, quarter inch pieces.

Step 2

Scatter the bay leaf pieces in your cabinets, kitchen and any other areas known to attract roaches.

Step 3

Heat fresh water in a cooking pot on the stove.

Step 4

Add bay leaves to the hot water. Let the leaves steep in the water for at least 5 minutes. Allow the water to cool for three to five minutes so that it isn't scorching hot.

Step 5

Pour the water into a spray bottle. Add several drops of liquid detergent to the mixture.

Step 6

Spray any live roaches, and areas where they are known to frequent, with the solution.

Warnings

• Bay leaves can be purchased from most grocery stores in the seasoning aisle.

References