Complications of Candidemia - it can infect any tissue any organ other complications are endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis

Complications of Candidemia

Complications of candidemia result from hematogenous spread of the infection and may produce disease in nearly any tissue or end organ. All patients with candidemia should receive a dilated ophthalmologic exam.^[28,29] Diagnosis of Candida endophthalmitis is particularly important, as not all antifungals penetrate the eye adequately, and inadequate treatment may result in progression of disease. In some cases, patients may have vitreal disease, and intravitreal treatment or vitrectomy may be required.^[30]
Other complications of candidemia include endocarditis, meningitis and osteomyelitis.^[31] Two-thirds of all fungal endocarditis cases are caused by Candida species. Patients with central venous catheters and prosthetic valves and intravenous drug abusers are at highest risk. Although fungal endocarditis is uncommon, it is significant that cases are associated with a high mortality. Vegetations are frequently large and more likely to cause embolic disease, and current guidelines suggest surgical intervention for cases of fungal endocarditis.^[31,32] Candidal osteomyelitis is another complication associated with bloodstream disease. Although any bone may be involved, vertebral osteomyelitis is most common.^[31] Surgical debridement in addition to antifungal therapy is the best course of treatment for this complication.^[29]