Friday 25 November 2016

hepatitis c aides tb, herpes, chicken pox, mumps, meningitis - viral

Viral meningitis

What is meningitis?

Meningitis is an inflammation of the lining around the brain and spinal cord. Viruses probably account for most cases of meningitis and are an important cause of admission to hospital[1]. Symptoms of viral meningitis include headache, dislike of bright lights, neck stiffness, fever and nausea/vomiting. Individuals may also develop a rash or have muscle pain. People affected normally recover without medical treatment.

What causes viral meningitis?

Many different viruses can cause meningitis. Most people are exposed to some of them during their life without developing meningitis. The most common causes are:

Enteroviruses

Coxsackie or Echovirus groups of enteroviruses are the most common cause of viral meningitis. Most infections produce no symptoms, or mild symptoms such as sore throats, colds and flu-like illnesses. Some of them may also cause stomach upsets and diarrhoea. Enteroviruses mostly affect children, who are the main transmitters of these viruses. Enteroviral infections are prevalent in the UK during summer and autumn months. Spread is mainly by hand to mouth transmission.

Herpes viruses

Herpes viruses are the other common cause of viral meningitis in adolescents and adults in developed countries[2]. Herpes viruses include the herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) and varicella zoster virus – the same virus that causes chickenpox and shingles.

HSVs can cause meningitis or encephalitis (inflammation of the brain itself, which is much more serious). HSV encephalitis is mainly caused by HSV-1 (which is also the cause of most cold-sores), whereas meningitis is more often caused by HSV-2 (the cause of most genital herpes). HSV viruses have been linked to Recurrent Lymphocytic Meningitis, also known as Mollaret’s meningitis. It is characterised by sudden attacks of meningitis symptoms that usually last for 2-7 days and are separated by symptom free intervals lasting for weeks, months or years.

HSV-1 and -2 infections are very common but most people affected have only minor symptoms or no symptoms at all. Transmission is via contact with an infected area of the skin when the virus is active. HSV-1 is usually acquired orally during childhood and about 6 out of 10 people in the UK carry it. HSV-2 is primarily a sexually transmitted infection and is carried by about 1 in 10 of the UK population[3]. Many people harbour HSV without ever knowing they have it. Since they can transmit the virus without having symptoms, infection can be spread unknowingly to contacts. The timing of transmission is unpredictable, so genital herpes infection (and herpes meningitis) can appear even after many years in a monogamous relationship.

VZV meningitis can occur at the same time as chickenpox or shingles or it can occur in its own without any rash or skin manifestation.

Other Herpes viruses are less frequent causes of meningitis compared to HSVs.

Mumps and measles

Before MMR vaccine was available, mumps was the most common cause of viral meningitis in the UK and occurred in 15% of patients with mumps[4]. A recent resurgence in cases in the UK largely affected late teenagers and young adults who did not receive a full course of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine[1]. Measles can also cause meningitis and encephalitis.

Flaviviruses

These viruses normally affect wild animals such as birds or rodents and are carried by mosquitoes or ticks. Some of these viruses such as West Nile virus, Japanese B encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis can cause meningitis or encephalitis in humans but this is not a problem in the UK and Ireland.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can cause meningitis during the early stages of HIV infection. In cases of viral meningitis it is not always possible to identify the type of virus responsible for the disease (approximately 30-40% of patients have no pathogen identified). Although HIV is a rare cause of viral meningitis, it is important that adults with viral meningitis due to unknown cause undergo an HIV test. This is because viral meningitis may be the first sign of infection with HIV and if it is not identified at this early stage then it may remain symptomless and undiagnosed until the individual has advanced disease or AIDS. It is hoped that by screening such cases more individuals with HIV will be identified and treated early resulting in better outcomes.

How is viral meningitis treated?

Acyclovir can be used to treat HSV infection. However, there are no effective therapies for most viruses that cause meningitis (antibiotics are ineffective against viruses), so treatment is normally limited to easing the symptoms of the disease (for example painkillers for headache or anti-emetics to stop vomiting). Most people recover without any medical treatment within 5 days to a fortnight, but for some the recovery period is more prolonged.

The doctor may do a lumbar puncture. This is when a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is taken from the spinal canal (the passageway through the back bones which contains the spinal cord). The sample of CSF will be examined and then sent for further laboratory testing. A lumbar puncture is important to confirm the diagnosis of meningitis, and to show which germ is causing the illness.

What after effects can viral meningitis cause?

Most people recover with no noticeable effects, however recent studies have found that some patients with viral meningitis may develop short-term memory loss and attention deficits[5-6]. There is also some evidence that children who have viral meningitis under 1 year of age, may develop subtle neurological problems later in life[7].

Am I at risk of spreading or contracting the disease if I have been in contact with a patient with viral meningitis?

The risk to contacts is very low. Viral meningitis does not normally require public health measures to be taken because although some of the viruses that cause it are contagious, most people infected have no symptoms, or only very mild ones. A person with viral meningitis may pass on the virus, but this would be very unlikely to cause another person to develop viral meningitis as well.

Can viral meningitis be prevented?

Most causes of viral meningitis are not preventable, although a good general precaution against viral meningitis is attention to handwashing since enteroviruses in particular usually enter the body via the hand to mouth route. Immunisation against mumps and measles (MMR) is offered to children at 12-13 months and 3 years of age as part of the routine childhood immunisation schedule. Immunisations are also available for some Flaviviruses such as tick-borne encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis, and are recommended for travellers to areas where the risk of these infections is high.

7 comments:

  1. I used to suffer from HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS for about 3 years. No medications or treatments ever really did anything for me (i tried them all no one work. but I was actually able to completely cure HERPES naturally after countless hours of online research. What worked for me is as follows: I saw Dr EDWIN Information online that he normally cure and treat disease and infirmities with his Herbal Medicine, I never really believed the people who where recommending him thou i saw on blog about 6 people where also testifying on how they were cured by Dr EDWIN, and still Ellen recommend Dr EDWIN who uses herbal medication to cure HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS and gave me his email, so i mail him He told me all the things I need to do and also give me instructions to take, which I followed properly.Before I knew what is happening after two weeks the HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS that was in my body got vanished. so if you are also heart broken and also need a help, you can also email him: draziengbe@outlook.com. if you are infected with any disease like HIV,AIDS, CANCER,HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS, or any other disease you can also be happy like me by contacting.....
    Name: Dr.EDWIN
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    I“m given you 100% grantee, soon as you have getting in touch
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    Thanks..

    ReplyDelete
  2. I used to suffer from HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS for about 3 years. No medications or treatments ever really did anything for me (i tried them all no one work. but I was actually able to completely cure HERPES naturally after countless hours of online research. What worked for me is as follows: I saw Dr EDWIN Information online that he normally cure and treat disease and infirmities with his Herbal Medicine, I never really believed the people who where recommending him thou i saw on blog about 6 people where also testifying on how they were cured by Dr EDWIN, and still Ellen recommend Dr EDWIN who uses herbal medication to cure HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS and gave me his email, so i mail him He told me all the things I need to do and also give me instructions to take, which I followed properly.Before I knew what is happening after two weeks the HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS that was in my body got vanished. so if you are also heart broken and also need a help, you can also email him: draziengbe@outlook.com. if you are infected with any disease like HIV,AIDS, CANCER,HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS, or any other disease you can also be happy like me by contacting.....
    Name: Dr.EDWIN
    What apps Number: +2348023949859.
    Email: draziengbe@outlook.com
    I“m given you 100% grantee, soon as you have getting in touch
    with Dr.EDWIN your problems will be solved accurately.
    Thanks..

    ReplyDelete
  3. I was haven herpes 2 spreading all over my body even on my private part two. I have had them for about 2 and a bit years(since the first year I got it). When I first contacted it (did go to doctor and got confirmed) I had a couple outbreaks that year (very painful) and then no outbreaks ever again. Like I said it has been almost 8 years. The only thing I can think I did was I used essential oil applications on my sacrum. I did take anti viral meds the doctor gave me for a couple weeks after the first outbreak to take care of the acute symptoms (I didn’t take them for the 2nd outbreak later that year and now this happened in my life I can’t believe this. A great testimony that i must share to all HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS patient in the world i never believed that there could be any complete cure for Herpes or any cure for herpes,i saw people’s testimony on blog sites of how Dr. SANDY herbal cure and sent to them and they were cured. i had to try it too and you can,t believe that in just few weeks i started using it all my pains stop gradually and i had to leave without the herpes the doctor gave to me. Right now i can tell you that few months now i have not had any pain, and i have just went for text last week and the doctor confirmed that there is no trace of any herpes on my system. Glory be to God for leading me to this genuine Dr. SANDY I am so happy as i am sharing this testimony. My advice to you all who thinks that there is no cure for herpes that is Not true, Here is his email
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  4. Greetings to the general public,i want to inform the
    public how i was cured of HERPES Simplex Virus by a Doctor called
    ezomo.i visited different hospital but they gave me list of drugs
    like Famvir, Zovirax, and Valtrex which is very expensive to treat the
    symptoms and never cured me. I was browsing through the Internet
    searching for remedy on HERPES and i saw comment of people talking about
    how Doctor ezomo cured them. when i contacted him he gave me hope and send a
    Herbal medicine to me that i took and it seriously worked for me, am a
    free person now without problem, my HERPES result came out negative. I
    pray for you Dr ezomo God will give you everlasting life, you shall
    not die before your time for being a sincere and great man. Am so happy,
    you can also contact him if you have any problem Email: drezomospellhome@hotmail.com. or contact me at craigpetersburg0@gmail.com for advice and procedure

    ReplyDelete
  5. I was diagnosed of hepatitis B in 2012,I have tried all possible means to get cure but all my effort proved abortive, until a friend of mine introduced me to a herbal doctor from Africa,Dr Eveoko who prepare herbal medicine to cure all kind of diseases including hepatitis b virus (HBV), CANCER. ALS Hepatitis A,B/C, fertility spell, Herpes Hiv and all types of STDs Infections, when i contacted this herbal doctor via his email: eveokoherbalhome@gmail.com he sent me hepatitis b herbal medicine via courier service, when I received the herbal medicine through DHL Postal courier service, he gave me the step by step instructions on how to use it. when i make used of it as instructed by him,i was totally cured from the virus within 10 days of usage. i recomment this great Dr to anyone who is seeking for cure to his\her Ailment Indeed he is a very good man, Contact this great herbal doctor via his email: eveokoherbalhome@gmail.com or whats-app him with: +2348022010422. you can also reach me at austincalnor@gmail.com ..

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  6. I'm so thankful to Dr bolala for his wonderful work done for me. i am Jane Scott from Washington Indiana, i have been diagnosed of herpes disease for a long time and it have affected my job and i almost lost my job because i was suppose to be physically and healthily fit for the job without any disease but i slept with a stranger that i barely know and i was affected, i searched out for all remedy that i could, but all was a disappointment, until i met with the great Dr bolala who i discussed with and he promised to help me, and not too long he prepared a powerful medicine for me and when i used it for 5weeks i was totally cured i am so happy to be cured from Dr bolala herbal medicine, you too can be cured just contact him now on this email:doctorbolala@gmail.com
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  7. This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.

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