Kampo

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For other uses, see Kanpo (disambiguation).

See also: Kampo medicine list, List of kampo herbs, and Chinese classic herbal formulas

Kampo
Japanese name
Kanji	漢方医学
[show]Transcriptions Romanization Kanpō igaku

Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	日本漢方醫學
Simplified Chinese	日本汉方医学
Literal meaning	"Han [Chinese] medicine in Japan"
[show]Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Rìběn Hànfāng yīxué Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Yaht-bún Hon-fōng yī-hohk

Kampō medicine (漢方医学, Kanpō igaku^?), often known simply as Kanpō (漢方, "Chinese [medicine]"), is the study of traditional Chinese medicine in Japan following its introduction, by way of Korea, beginning in the 7th century.^[1] Since then, the Japanese have created their own unique system of diagnosis and therapy. Japanese traditional medicine uses most of the Chinese therapies including acupuncture and moxibustion, but Kampō in its present-day sense is primarily concerned with the study of herbs.

Shennong (Japanese: Shinnō) tasting herbs to ascertain their qualities (19th-century Japanese scroll)

Manase Dōsan (1507-94) who laid the foundations for a more independent Japanese medicine

Contents

 [hide] 

• 1 History
  • 1.1 Origins
  • 1.2 Early Japanese adaptation
  • 1.3 Early revision
  • 1.4 Era of Western influence
• 2 Approved Kampō medicines
• 3 Herbs
• 4 Kampō outside Japan
• 5 Differences from traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine
• 6 See also
• 7 References
• 8 Further reading
• 9 External links

History[edit]

Origins[edit]

According to Chinese mythology, the origins of traditional Chinese medicine are traced back to the three legendary sovereigns Fuxi, Shennong and Yellow Emperor. Shennong is believed to have tasted hundreds of herbs to ascertain their medicinal value and effects on the human body and help relieve people of their sufferings. The oldest written record focussing solely on the medicinal use of plants was the Shennong Ben Cao Jing which was compiled around the end of the first century B.C. and is said to have classified 365 species of herbs or medicinal plants.
Chinese medical practices were introduced to Japan by way of Korea during the 6th century A.D. In 608 Empress Suiko dispatched E-Nichi, Fuku-In and other young physicians to China. It is said that they studied medicine there for 15 years. Until 838 Japan sent 19 missions to Tang China. While the officials studied Chinese government structures, physicians and many of the Japanese monks absorbed Chinese medical knowledge.

Early Japanese adaptation[edit]

In 702 A.D., the Taihō Code was promulgated as an adaptation of the governmental system of China's Tang Dynasty. One section called for the establishment of a university (daigaku) including a medical school with an elaborate training program, but due to incessant civil war this program never became effective. Empress Kōmyō (701-760) established the Hidenin and Seyakuin in the Kōfuku-Temple (Kōfuku-ji) in Nara, being two Buddhist institutions that provided free healthcare and medicine for the needy. For centuries to come Japanese Buddhist monks were essential to convey Chinese medical know how to Japan and to provide health care for both the elite and the general population.
In 753 A.D., the Chinese priest Jianzhen (in Japanese Ganjin) who was well-versed in medicine arrived in Japan after five failed attempts in 12 years to cross the East China Sea. As he was blind he used his sense of smell to identify herbs. He brought medical texts and a large collection of materia medica to the imperial palace in Nara, which he dedicated to the Emperor Shōmu in 756, 49 days after the emperor’s death. They are kept in a log-cabin style treasure house of the Tōdai-Temple (Tōdaiji) known as Shōsōin.
In 787 A.D., the "Newly Revised Materia Medica" (Xinxiu Bencao, 659 A.D.), which had been sponsored by the Tang Imperial Court, became an obligatory text in the study of medicine at the Japanese Health Ministry, but many of the 844 medicinal substances described in this book were not available in Japan at the time. Around 918 A.D., a Japanese medical dictionary entitled "Japanese names of (Chinese) Materia Medica "(Honzō-wamyō) was compiled, quoting from 60 Chinese medical works.
During the Heian Period, Tanba Yasuyori (912-995) compiled the first Japanese medical book, Ishinpō ("Prescriptions from the Heart of Medicine"), drawing from numerous Chinese texts some of which have perished later.^[2] During the period from 1200 to 1600, medicine in Japan became more practical. Most of the physicians were Buddhist monks who continued to use the formulas, theories and practices that had been introduced by the early envoys from Tang China.

Early revision[edit]

During the 15th and 16th century, Japanese physicians began to achieve a more independent view on Chinese medicine. After 12 years of studies in China Tashirō Sanki (1465–1537) became the leading figure of a movement called "Followers of Later Developments in Medicine" (Gosei-ha). This school propagated the teachings of Li Dongyuan and Zhu Tanxi that gradually superseded the older doctrines from the Song dynasty. Manase Dōsan, one of his disciples, adapted Tashiro's teachings to Japanese conditions. Based on own observation and experience he compiled a book on internal medicine in 8 volumes (Keiteki-shū) and established an influential private medical school (Keiteki-in) in Kyōto. His son Gensaku wrote a book of case studies (Igaku tenshō-ki) and developed a considerable number of new herb formulas.
Since the second half of the 17th century a new movement, the "Followers of Classic Methods" (Kohō-ha) evolved, that emphasized the teachings and formulas of the Chinese classic "Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders" (Shanghan Lun, in Japanese Shōkan-ron). While the etiological concepts of this school were as speculative as those of the Gosei-ha, the therapeutic approaches were based on empirical observations and practical experience. This return to "classic methods" was initiated by Nagoya Gen'i (1628–1696), and advocated by influential proponents such as Gotō Gonzan (1659–1733), Yamawaki Tōyō (1705–1762), and Yoshimasu Tōdō (1702–1773). Yoshimasu is considered to be the most influential figure. He accepted any effective technique, regardless of its particular philosophical background. Yoshimasu's abdominal diagnostics are commonly credited with differentiating early modern Traditional Japanese medicine (TJM) from Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
During the later part of the Edo period, many Japanese practitioners began to utilize elements of both schools. Some, such as Ogino Gengai (1737–1806), Ishizaka Sōtetsu (1770–1841), or Honma Sōken (1804–1872) even tried to incorporate Western concepts and therapies, that had made their way into the country through physicians at the Dutch trading-post Dejima (Nagasaki). Although Western medicine gained some ground in the field of surgery, there was not much competition between "Eastern" and "Western" schools until the 19th century, because even adherents of "Dutch-Studies" (Rangaku) were very eclectic in their actual practice.
Traditional medicine never lost its popularity throughout the Edo period, but it entered a period of rapid decline shortly after the Meiji Restoration. In 1871, the new government decided to modernize medical education based on the German medical system. Starting in 1875, new medical examinations focused on natural sciences and Western medical disciplines. In October 1883, a law retracted the licenses of any existing traditional practitioner. Despite losing legal standing, a small number of traditional physicians continued to practice privately. Some of them, such as Yamada Gyōkō (1808–1881), Asada Sōhaku (1813–1894), and Mori Risshi (1807–1885), organized an "Association to Preserve [Traditional] Knowledge" (Onchi-sha) and started to set up small hospitals. However, by 1887, the organization was disbanded due to internal policy dissent and the death of leading figures. The "Imperial Medical Association" (Teikoku Ikai) founded in 1894, was short-lived too. In 1895, the 8th National Assembly of the Diet vetoed a request to continue the practice of Kampō. When Azai Kokkan (1848–1903), one of the main activists, died, the Kampō-movement was almost stamped out.

Era of Western influence[edit]

Any further attempt to save traditional practices had to take into account Western concepts and therapies. Therefore, it was graduates from medical faculties, trained in Western medicine, who began to set out to revive traditional knowledge. In 1910 Wada Keijūrō (1872‐1916) published "The Iron Hammer of the Medical World" (Ikai no tettsui). Yumoto Kyūshin (1876–1942), a graduate from Kanazawa Medical School, was so impressed by this book that he became a student of Dr. Wada. His "Japanese-Chinese Medicine" (Kōkan igaku) published in 1927 was the first book on Kampō medicine in which Western medical findings were used to interpret classical Chinese texts. In 1927 Nakayama Tadanao (1895–1957) presented his "New Research on Kampō-Medicine" (Kampō-igaku no shin kenkyū). Another "convert" was Ōtsuka Keisetsu (1900–1980), who became one of the most famous Kampō practitioners of the 20th century.
This gradual revival was supported by the modernization of the dosage form of herbal medicine. During the 1920s, the Nagakura Pharmaceutical Company in Osaka began developing dried decoctions in a granular form. At about the same time, Tsumura Juntendō, a company founded by Tsumura Jūsha (1871–1941) in 1893, established a research institute to promote the development of standardized Kampō medicine. Gradually these "Japanese-Chinese remedies" (wakan-yaku) became a standard method of Kampō medicine administration.
In 1937, new researchers such as Yakazu Dōmei (1905–2002) started to promote Kampō at the so-called “Takushoku University Kampo Seminar”. More than 700 people attended these seminars that continued after the war. In 1938, following a proposal of Yakazu, the "Asia Medicine Association" was established. In 1941, Takeyama Shinichirō published his "Theories on the Restoration of Kampō Medicine" (Kampō-ijutsu fukkō no riron, 1941). In that same year, Yakazu, Ōtsuka, Kimura Nagahisa, and Shimizu Fujitarō (1886–1976) completed a book entitled "The Actual Practice of Kampō Medicine" (Kampō shinryō no jissai). By including the Western medical disease names he greatly expanded the usage of Kampō formulas. A new version of this influential manual was printed in 1954. This book was also translated into Chinese. A completely revised version was published in 1969 under the title "Medical Dictionary of Kampō Practice" (Kampō Shinryō Iten).^[3]
In 1950 Ōtsuka Keisetsu, Yakazu Dōmei, Hosono Shirō (1899–1989), Okuda Kenzō (1884–1961), and other leaders of the pre- and postwar Kampō revival movement established the "Japan Society for Oriental Medicine" (Nippon Tōyō Igakkai) with 89 members (2014: more than 9000 members). In 1960, raw materials for crude drugs listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (Nippon Yakkyoku-hō) received official drug prices under the National Health Insurance (NHI, Kokumin kenkō hoken).

Approved Kampō medicines[edit]

Main article: Kampo list

Today in Japan, Kampō is integrated into the Japanese national health care system. In 1967, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare approved four Kampō medicines for reimbursement under the National Health Insurance (NHI) program. In 1976, 82 kampo medicines were approved by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. This number has increased to 148 Kampo formulation extracts, 241 crude drugs, and 5 crude drug preparations.^[4]
Rather than modifying formulae as in Traditional Chinese medicine, the Japanese Kampō tradition uses fixed combinations of herbs in standardized proportions according to the classical literature of Chinese medicine. Kampō medicines are produced by various manufacturers. However, each medicine is composed of exactly the same ingredients under the Ministry's standardization methodology. The medicines are therefore prepared under strict manufacturing conditions that rival pharmaceutical companies. In October 2000, a nationwide study reported that 72% of registered physicians prescribe Kampō medicines.^[5] New Kampō medicines are being evaluated using modern techniques to evaluate their mechanism of action.
Regulations, and likewise safety precautions, are much stronger and tighter for Japanese Kampō than Chinese traditional medicine due to strict enforcement of laws and standardization.

Herbs[edit]

Main article: Kampo herb list

The 14th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP, Nihon yakkyokuhō) lists 165 herbal ingredients that are used in Kampō medicines.^[6] Lots of the Kampō products are routinely tested for heavy metals, purity, and microbial content to eliminate any contamination. Kampō medicines are tested for the levels of key chemical constituents as markers for quality control on every formula. This is carried out from the blending of the raw herbs to the end product according to the Ministry’s pharmaceutical standards.
Medicinal mushrooms like Reishi and Shiitake are herbal products with a long history of use. In Japan, the Agaricus blazei mushroom is a highly popular herb, which is used by close to 500,000 people.^[7] In Japan, Agaricus blazei is also the most popular herb used by cancer patients.^[8] The second most used herb, is an isolate from the Shiitake mushroom, known as Active Hexose Correlated Compound.

Kampō outside Japan[edit]

In the United States, Kampō is practiced mostly by acupuncturists, Chinese medicine practitioners, naturopath physicians, and other alternative medicine professionals. Kampō herbal formulae are studied under clinical trials, such as the clinical study of Honso Sho-saiko-to (H09) for treatment of hepatitis C at the New York Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center,^[9] and liver cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C at the UCSD Liver Center.^[10] Both clinical trials are sponsored by Honso USA, Inc., a branch of Honso Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Japan.

Differences from traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine[edit]

One of the first sources showing the term Kampō in its modern sense (James Curtis Hepburn: A Japanese and English Dictionary; with an English and Japanese Index. London: Trübner & Co., 1867, p. 177.)

Herbal medicines in Japan are regulated as pharmaceutical preparations; their ingredients are exactly measured and standardized, unlike the United States where most herbal preparations are regulated as dietary supplements (technically foods, not medicines). Furthermore, Kampo does not incorporate any human body parts nor animal parts, thus avoiding issues with animal cruelty prevalent in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Both the industry and the government conduct extensive monitoring of agricultural and manufacturing processes as well as postmarketing surveillance to guarantee the safety of these preparations. Furthermore, access to Kampō herbal medicines is guaranteed as part of Japan’s national health plan for each of its citizens. Kampō, like the traditional medicines of modern China, Vietnam, and Korea, has roots that extend back to ancient China’s Han Dynasty (200 BC to 220 AD). The term Kampo itself incorporates 2 characters: 漢 (kan) an adjectival modifier for things Chinese and 方 (hō/-pō) denoting “method” or “prescription“. Thus, Kampō means “Chinese-style medicine” The term came up during the late Edo period to draw a line against the growing influence of Western medicine, which was called Rampō (Dutch-style medicine) by its adherents.

See also[edit]

• Chinese classic herbal formula
• List of branches of alternative medicine
• Doumei Yakazu

References[edit]

1. Jump up ^ Dharmananda, Subhuti. "Kampo Medicine: The Practice of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Japan". Institute for Traditional Medicine. Retrieved December 12, 2010. 
2. Jump up ^ "Prescriptions from the Heart of Medicine (Ishinpō)". National Institutes for Cultural Heritage. Retrieved August 25, 2014. 
3. Jump up ^ Yamada, Terutane (1996). (CiNii Fulltext pdf) "The Tradition and Genealogy of the Kampo Medicine" Check |url= value (help). Japanese Journal of Oriental Medicine (in Japanese). 46 (4): 505–518. Retrieved August 25, 2014. 
4. Jump up ^ Kotoe Katayama, et. al. (2013). Full-Text PDF "Prescription of Kampo Drugs in the Japanese Health Care Insurance Program" Check |url= value (help) (PDF). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. 2013: 576973. doi:10.1155/2013/576973. Retrieved August 25, 2014. 
5. Jump up ^ "Legal Status of Traditional Medicine and Complementary/Alternative Medicine:A Worldwide Review" (PDF). 2001. pp. 155–159. Retrieved August 25, 2014. 
6. Jump up ^ M. Matsuomoto; K. Inoue; E. Kajii (December 1999). "Integrating traditional medicine in Japan: the case of Kampo medicines". Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 7 (4): 254–5. doi:10.1016/S0965-2299(99)80012-0. ISSN 0965-2299. PMID 10709312.  cited in: Garner-Wizard, Mariann (June 30, 2000). "Kampo — Traditional Herbal Medicine of Japan" (PDF). Herbclip. American Botanical Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 26, 2007. Retrieved August 25, 2014. 
7. Jump up ^ T. Takaku; Y. Kimura; H. Okuda (May 2001). "Isolation of an antitumor compound from Agaricus blazei Murill and its mechanism of action". The Journal of Nutrition. 131 (5): 1409–13. PMID 11340091. Retrieved August 25, 2014. 
8. Jump up ^ I. Hyodo; N. Amano; K. Eguchi (April 2005). "Nationwide survey on complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patients in Japan". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 23 (12): 2645–54. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.04.126. PMID 15728227. 
9. Jump up ^ "Clinical Trials: Find a Clinical Trial | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center". Mskcc.org. Retrieved 2015-02-24. 
10. Jump up ^ [1] Archived April 3, 2005, at the Wayback Machine.

Further reading[edit]

• Kenner, Dan (August 1, 2001). "Research in Japanese Botanical Medicine (Kampo) and Immune Modulating Cancer Therapy". Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients. 
• Wen, Dan (2007). "Sho-saiko-to, a Clinically Documented Herbal Preparation for Treating Chronic Liver Disease". HerbalGram: The Journal of the American Botanical Council (73): 34–43. 
• Y. Motoo; T. Seki; K. Tsutani (February 2011). "Traditional Japanese medicine, Kampo: its history and current status". 17 (2). Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine: 85–87. doi:10.1007/s11655-011-0653-y. PMID 21390572. 
• Rister, Robert (1999). Japanese Herbal Medicine: The Healing Art of Kampo. Avery Pub. ISBN 978-0-89529-836-2. 
• Shizu Sakai; Tatsuo Sakai (2009). Christian Oberländer, ed. Transaction in Medicine & Heteronomous Modernization: Germany, Japan, Korea and Taiwan. University of Tokyo Center for Philosophy. 
• Yoshiharu Shibata; Jean Wu (1997). Kampo Treatment for Climacteric Disorders. Paradigm Publications. ISBN 978-0-912111-51-3. 
• Tsumura, Akira (1991). Kampo: How the Japanese Updated Traditional Herbal Medicine. Japan Publications. ISBN 0-87040-792-9. 
• Tsumura Juntendō 70 nenshi (A 70 Year History of Tsumura Juntendo Co.). Tsumura Juntendo Co. 1964. 
• Yasui, Hiromichi (2007). History of the Schools of Kampo Medicine. 58. Kampo Medicine. pp. 177–202. doi:10.3937/kampomed.58.177. 

External links[edit]

• International Society for Japanese Kampo Medicine (English)
• Japan Society for Oriental Medicine (English)
• Current Kampo Medicine (Special Edition) (PDF). International Institute of Health and Human Services, Berkeley. November 2005.  ISSN 1559-033X
• Center for Kampo Medicine at the Keio University School of Medicine (English)

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Japanese traditional medicine - Dr. Hatsumi Masaaki

The British School of Japanese Traditional Medicine

日本の伝統医学の英国の学校

(Honorary Principal - Dr. Hatsumi Masaaki)

Hichibuku Goshinjutsu

(秘致武九護身術)

Three year (part time) course Hichibuku Goshinjutsu (秘致武九護身術) Levels 1-3

Bujinkan dōjō (武神館道場) Sōke (宗家), Dr. Hatsumi Masaaki (初見良昭 ) has graciously agreed to act as the Honorary Principle of the The British School of Japanese Traditional Medicine. He is also Sōke (lineal head) of the Amatsu Tatara (天津 蹈鞴) Hichibuku goshin-jutsu (秘致武九護身術) tradition.

Originally, Hichibuku goshin-jutsu was taught along-side the martial arts of the Bujinkan. It draws on the ancient natural philosophies and teachings of Amatsu Tatara. In contemporary times the Amatsu Tatara Hichibuku goshin-jutsu is a comprehensive system of Japanese natural medicine, which Hatsumi Sōke received from his teacher Takamatsu Toshisugu (高松 寿嗣) Sensei.

Hatsumi Sōke has been granted 'Life Membership' of the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) and honoured by the permanent inscription of his name on the 'Wall of Honour' in the Atrium of RSM headquarters building in London.

Peter King's qualifications and the level of transmission of knowledge that he has received from Hatsumi Sensei are unique.

He is the principal tutor at the British School of Japanese Traditional Medicine, which runs international training courses in the Hichibuku method in Europe (& occasionally in North America).

In addition to his Amatsu Tatara credentials, Peter is a Registered Osteopath, State Registered & Chartered Physiotherapist, Advanced Acupuncturist. As an educator, he teacher Osteopathy to BSc. & MSc. level in the UK & Italy.

Peter's background has enabled him to develop a Hichibuku Kenkō-hō Health Method (秘致武九健康法) programme that is appropriate to fellow Bujinkan practitioners (Buyu 武友) and medical / healthcare professionals.

Cinnamon cures and remedies - Western medicine is just so wrong,and we are used to make loads and loads of money and the NHS is involved

We've had some drama and are currently doing some internal housekeeping and rewriting here on Gypsy Magic.

It's going to take a while to get things set right here and I am really sorry for any inconvenience this may cause. I apologize for links to a "page not found" instead of something cool and magickal.

Friday, December 07, 2012

Cinnamon Cures and Remedies

Cinnamon is one of the all time great "go to" spices when it comes to old herbal remedies, however it is rarely used alone. Most often, cinnamon is used as an added ingredient to herbal teas or other preparations. Because of that, most of the entries here are recipes with many other ingredients. It is likely that the addition of cinnamon is often for flavor, however it does have a warming effect on the body and may add punch to the prescription.

Some of these remedies are benign and might actually work, for example: cinnamon tea for a cold and the lovely tea for indigestion. Others might be downright dangerous - check out the cures for Blindness and Syphilis. As always, if you decide to try one or more of the following remedies, please use common sense and educate yourself beforehand. Remember, these cures are old and were used in an era of ignorance and superstition.

• Abortion (cure for): Use salve (like mentholatum) on your womb, vagina, back, seat and in your arches and stay in bed for thirty days and take tea with cinnamon, herbs, oils, bocanic oil and fat of a chicken, some lard.
• Abortion (induce): Some women try to cause abortion with wild ginger or rosemary with cinnamon mixed in wine.Alternatively, an unwanted pregnancy can be aborted by having the girl chew on cinnamon bark. 
• Amenorrhea: Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum) is taken in infusions for amenorrhea.
• Anemia: Quinine root 100 drams Sugar 100 drams Cinnamon 50 drams Fvouda kara-gats 100 drams Quinine extract 1 dram The above are boiled in three okes of water and three glasses of the liquid are taken daily.
• Baby pacifier: Place sugar, cinnamon, ground cloves and nutmeg in gauze, form into a nipple just large enough for a baby’s mouth and fasten with thread. This will help to keep the baby quiet while the mother is busy.
• Bee stings: “Seeing different remedies recommended for bee stings, I wish to say that I have tried alkalies, soda, ammonia, liquor, potassa, hone, rub with an onion, bruised tobacco, etc., and with 30 years experience can say that a small amount of oil of cinnamon, applied with a small straw, end of knitting needle or small splinter, is worth more than all the rest. Use only a little, for it will blister.”
• Blindness: To cure blindness, blow a mixture of cinnamon and white bird manure into the eyes 
• Blood: Cinnamon will dry up your blood. (My father said that this is what his grandmother would say to him whenever they started to make cinnamon toast. I don’t know if this was a common belief at the same time or if she just made it up on the spot to discourage us from eating too many pieces of cinnamon toast.)
• Blood (to cool it): Take eight ounces or sarsaparilla, three ounces of root licorice, six ounces of wild cherry bark, one-half ounce of mandrake, one ounce of gentian, one-half teaspoonful each of red pepper and cinnamon. Boil in three gallons of rain water till (? sp.) reduced of one-half. Sweeten a very little. This is a fine drink for cooling the blood. Abstain from sweets while using it.
• Bowel Complaint. A teaspoonful of turkey rhubarb, a teaspoonful of cinnamon, a teaspoonful of peppermint. Boil the rhubarb and cinnamon in a pint of water until the strength is out, then add the peppermint [and] a piece of saleratus the size of a bean. Sweeten with loaf sugar. Take a swallow frequently until it operates.
• Breach or burst (in the body): Take four or five snails that crawl about on old rotten wood; you may find them under loose bark that is moist, or on old logs or stumps. Collect a parcel of them, enough to cover the breach, lay them on a linen cloth, bind them on, and repeat it as often as the snails are dry. Let the patient drink turkey root, cinnamon, cloves and maize, made in tea, or steeped in wine, three or four times a day. This well attended to, will perform a cure.
• Cankers: To heal a canker, put cinnamon on it 
• Catarrh: For the catarrh in the head. Take yellow dock root, split it and dry it in an oven, blood root and scoke root, four ounces of each, cinnamon one ounce, cloves half an ounce, pound them very fine, let the patient use it as snuff eight or ten times a day. Every night smoke a pipe full of cinnamon mixed with a little tobacco, and sweat the head with hemlock, brandy and camphor. Pour a little camphorated spirits and brandy into the hot liquor to sweat. Modern patients would not be happy with this treatment, but the inclusion of considerable quantities of antiseptic substances in the form of cinnamon, cloves and hemlock as well as astringent and antiseptic substances in the form of yellow dock (Rumex) probably made the prescription quite valuable in controlling the underlying infection of the catarrh. The local irritation may be well conceived of as stimulating defensive forces locally.
• Childbirth (recovery): As soon as labor is over the mother is given one of three concoctions, the one considered the most efficacious being made of the juice of a roasted calabash, a piece of Cassia fistula, albucena (the flower of a species of white lily), native chamomile, anise, cinnamon, sweet oil, castor oil, and burned cane syrup, which have been mixed together nine days before the child is expected. Warm cinnamon water taken every morning the first week after childbirth. 
• Cold: For a cold take this drink: warm wine with lots of sugar and a cinnamon stick.Or you could drink a mixture of whiskey, cinnamon, and hot tea. The “Hat Cure” - for a cold, heat strong wine with sugar and cinnamon in it. Get in bed with a hat at the foot of the bed. Drink a mug or two of hot wine, and when you see a row of hats, go to sleep and wake up cured.
• Colic: Cinnamon
• Congestion and Colds: Use a mixture of ginger, cinnamon, and flour mixed in lard; apply this as a pack around the chest and throat. Or there's this testimonial - whenever my father had a congested nose, would boil cinnamon sticks. He put a towel over his head and inhaled the steam. It really clears you up.
• Convulsions: Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum) is taken in infusions for convulsion
• Cough: Boil gordo lobo with a stick of cinnamon and lemon, then strain, and add honey or sugar. Drink it to loosen the phlegm.
• Cure-all: Grind 8 lumps of charcoal, add a raw egg yolk, 1/2 cup vinegar, some parsley leaves, ground cinnamon stick, and 2 tablespoons of bacon fat. Mix and make into a roll. Refrigerate and then eat a 1/2 inch slice a day. This looks like meatloaf, but it is a cure-all. Informant learned this from her grandmother who is Swiss and takes it every day religiously.
• Deafness: Castoreum (substance used to trap beavers; made of nutmeg, clove, cinnamon, whiskey stirred to consistency of mustard, sealed five days for potency) considered remedy for deafness. This one even has a testimony: Father Charlevoix, bitter enemy of fable, declared that castoreum is efficacious against deafness.
• Delivery: La comadroma (midwife) brings te de canela (cinnamon tea) for strength in delivery.
• Diarrhea: Put one tablespoonful of flour into a glass. Add water until it is a thin solution. Add a lot of cinnamon and cloves. Pour it back and forth until the mixture foams, then drink. Alternatively: Take boiled milk and cinnamon toast for diarrhea. And again: One quart of blackberry juice and one pound of white sugar; one tablespoonful each of cloves, allspice, cinnamon, and nutmeg. Boil together for fifteen minutes, add a wineglassful of whiskey or brandy. Bottle while hot, cork tight and seal. For adults take one wineglassful. May be taken tree or four times a day in severe cases.
• Diarrhea due to teething: When a baby begins to teeth and they get diarrhea you make (a tea) with three Andean roses with a some chamomile flowers and a cinnamon stick. That stops their diarrhea.
• Digestion: Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum) is taken in infusions for digestive intolerance.
• Dropsy: Take green or dried elderberries, or in want of them, the middle bark of elderberry- a handful for an aged person. Put in wine over night., The following morning, drink the whole lukewarm on an empty stomach. If desired a half ounce of cinnamon may be added, which will make it so much better tasting. if this is repeated several times the water will be driven away through the stool and vomit.
• Dysentery: Raspberry leaves for diarrhoea. Stew the leaves, add milk and a teaspoon of cinnamon; scald together and let stand. Testimonial: This is a real cure. A fisherman very ill with fever and dysentery was cured this way; he was so ill he was passing blood.
• Earache: For an earache, put hot cinnamon in the ear. (ouch!!)
• Edema: Take green or dried elderberries, or in want of them, the middle bark of elderberry- a handful for an aged person. Put in wine over night., The following morning, drink the whole lukewarm on an empty stomach. If desired a half ounce of cinnamon may be added, which will make it so much better tasting. if this is repeated several times the water will be driven away through the stool and vomit.
• Fainting: There are many persons who while walking, faint and fall. Pound the patient, make a stomachic of cinnamon, wine, wormwood, partially baked ham and mutton, toast thoroughly soaked in wine containing rosemary, and put it on the pit of his stomach. You will find that he comes to. Have him eat simple food, give him a drink of wine boiled with rosemary leaves and blossoms, and he will surely recover.
• Fever: Canela is cinnamon. In those times, they used to put about a teaspoon of canela in the palm of your hand and also about a teaspoon of saliva. They would mix it into a little cake. Then they would put this on your temples and bind it, put[ting] a rag around your head to keep it there. And they used to claim that this would take bad headaches and fevers and dizziness away from you.
• Food poisoning: Sticks of dry cinnamon were boiled in hot water. Decoction was drunk.
• General Healing Methods: Take a good handful of cardobenedict herbs, same quantity of wormwood centitolium cut fine and put into a dish, sprinkle these well with some good old wine. Let it stand and soak for four days; then take a drachm of cinnamon, a whole lemon put into a glass, pour again good old wine over it, and let stand again for four days, cut it into fine pieces and distill in the alembic. The result will be an excellent water for sweating the patient.
• Germs: Burn a plate of cinnamon on the stove to kill the germs in the house when someone is sick.
• Hangover: Mix cinnamon in wine and sip on it. Any kind of sweet wine will do.
• Headache: Take a teaspoonful of cinnamon with water. Alternatively: apply to forehead two thin slices of white potato, sprinkled with cinnamon and covered with red bandanna.
• Hemoptysis (spitting of blood): The first thing necessary is to produce that regular action of the lungs that nature requires, this may be done by astringent medicines such as the following: -- Take half an ounce of pulverized cinnamon bark, the same of gum kino, the same of cubebbs, add these articles together in one pint of alcohol, let it stand for three days, the patient should take of this half a teaspoonful three times a day combined with honey...also a teaspoonful of sweet oil every morning...if the bowels are costive the patient should use the tincture of aloes, or a strong tea of peach tree leaves, should there be any fever bleeding will be also necessary....A small pill of opium may at times be taken.
• Hysteria: Ginger, cinnamon, cardamom and cloves are mixed with honey to cure hysteria, and the one who is so afflicted is to eat a spoonful of the mixture every morning.
• Illness (unspecified): “Take thou also unto thee principal spices, of pure myrrh five hundred shekels, and of sweet cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty shekels, and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty shekels. And of cassia five hundred shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, and of olive oil an hin [sic]; and thou shalt make it an oil of holy ointment, and ointment compounded after the art of the apothecary: it shall be an holy ointment oil.” Exodus 30:22-25
• Impotence: Cinnamon mixed with horse flesh increases coition. (No directions on how it is to be applied)
• Indigestion: An excellent tea for indigestion can be made of dry or green mint leaves, boiling water, cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg, strained and taken hot.
• Insanity (a sudden fit):  poultice of Laurel leaves (Bay tree), some nutmeg, cinnamon, olive oil, boiled together and put on the head. It starts abundant perspiration. Change poultice when it begins to cool; soon patient awakes as from a deep sleep.
• Labor pains: Rosemary tea, bay leaf, yerba buena (mint), and a cinnamon stick (canela) will ease labor pains.
• Laxative: Boil cinnamon bark, pour the water in a jar. Give this cinnamon water, one tablespoon at a time.
• Lung disease: In Algeria native plane remedies for lung disease mentioned by Hilton-Simpson are Sonchus martimus and cinnamon mixed with sugar.
• Measles: Drink hot drinks, such as boiled cinnamon bark tea or black pepper tea, every one or two hours. When you begin to clear, switch to cold drinks.
• Melancholy: Weakness or melancholy may be dispelled by playing softly unto people on pipes made of cinnamon bark.
• Menopause: Chew cinnamon bark through the period of the menopause or for excessive bleeding when younger.
• Menstrual Ailments: For an excessive menstrual flow, take a little cinnamon, or drink cinnamon tea.
• Morning Sickness: The extract of chamomile  peppermint or cinnamon with a little bit of wine will prevent vomiting of pregnant women during first half of pregnancy.
• Nausea and Morning Sickness: Cinnamon tea is good for "green sickness." 
• Nerves: Beat one egg a day. You may mix with milk and add cinnamon. This will help settle nerves
• Polypus. Take two ounces of bloodroot, dry it, pound it fine, quarter of an ounce of calix cinnamon, two ounces of scokeroot, snuff it up the nose, it will kill the polypus. Then take a pair of forceps, and pull it out, and use the snuff until it is cured. If the nose is so stopped that it cannot be snuffed up, boil the same and gargle it in the throat, and sweat the head with hot liquor until it withers so as to use the snuff.
• Prevention: Give the children a teaspoonful of cinnamon and sugar and cream of tartar mixture before they leave for school in the morning. Also: Burn a plate of cinnamon on the stove to kill the germs in the house when someone is sick. Or this: To keep diseases away, wear a string of fruits from the cinnamon vine around your neck 
• Protection: Now yo' go - ah go to de drug sto'. Yo' know oil of cinnamon? Ah go git dat. Dat cost a dime, oil of cinnamon - ten cents. An' ah go, ah'll git de oil of cinnamon, yo' see, an' yo' takes dat an' rub it on yore hands all de time. Well, dat will keep yo' out all de trouble in de world.
• Quincy: A child with quinsy is made to swallow a potion of twelve centipedes boiled in white wine with cinnamon, in the hope that the diseased membranes will walk down to the stomach, be digested and expulsed.
• Rabies: Cinnamon
• Rashes: To bring out a rash, drink tea made from ginger with butter, cinnamon, and peppermint added.
• Seasickness (prevention): To a paste of sugar and gum dragagant add powdered cinnamon, ginger, and musk; make up into pills.
• Sexual appeal: There are many women who feel it is important to dust the sexual parts of their newborn daughters with a powder of cinnamon and sugar, with the belief that this will make the girl seem sweet to her husband on the day of her marriage.
• Sickness: For sickness drink a mixture of paregoric, water, flour and cinnamon.
• Sneezing: Bromide of soda 120 grains Tr. Hyoscyamus 120 drops Oil of Cinnamon 10 drops Elixer Lactopeptine 120 drops mixed To be taken in 4 doses at one hour intervals.Or you could simply say the word "Cinnamon" and it will stop you from sneezing.
• Sore Throat: Get some cinnamon and sugar. After they are mixed well, swab them down around your tonsils. Alternatively - Take two ounces of brandy or rum, three tablespoons of honey, juice of 1/2 lemon, a pinch of cinnamon; put them in a large mug and pour in enough scalding hot and very strong tea to fill the mug. Drink
• Stomach Ache: “Trukman”, a famous healer of Cestona (Guipuzcoa) at the turn of the century, cured stomach aches by applying a plaster of three rotten eggs, cinnamon, and remoyuelo. Alternatively, you could drink a warm tea made of avocado put boiled in water with a few drops of lemon juice, cinnamon, and yerba buena (mint). Another cure is as follows: Cinnamon, pepper and ginger are boiled and the water is drunk.
• Stomach Ailments: For a sick stomach use a poultice made of equal parts of ginger, cloves, pepper, cayenne pepper, and cinnamon. Mix with molasses, make stiff and place on the stomach. 
• Stomach Cramps: Eating too many cherimoyas (cold) causes cramps which can be relieved by drinking tea made of manzanilla, corn tassel, cinnamon, and hinojo.
• Stye: To cure a stye, use a cinnamon pack.
• Syphilis: The formula for inunction for rich patients contains pig fat, cow fat, theriac, mercury oxide, litharge, ginger, cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, rose, amber, and musk. Thus the rich man received not only salubrious mercury and the spices of the Orient but he might also develop lead poisoning because of the litharge (lead monoxide). ~Austin Farfan, writing in 1579
• Toothache: Chewing gum strongly impregnated with cinnamon was obtainable at stores. Packing a tooth cavity with this alleviated the ache. Alternatively:  apply oil of cinnamon to tooth. 
• Tooth Powder: A recipe to assure white teeth: Crush in powder eggshells, burn in a new container threads of white silk, mix everything with a little bit of powdered cinnamon and clove. Use the powder for cleaning of your teeth every morning and evening.
• Tuberculosis: Make a tea from donkey drippings combined with cinnamon bark. Boil this in a cloth and drink the tea as dictated by uncomfortableness.
• Veins: If you eat cinnamon, it will stop up your veins.
• Vomiting and stomach upset: Give water in which flour and cinnamon have been boiled. To cure a badly upset stomach, drink cinnamon tea without sugar, to which bicarbonate of soda has been added.
• Warts: Use oil of cinnamon to take off a wart
• Weakness: When people are very weak, put cataplasmas on their bodies. Cataplasmas are a mixture of meat, eggs, grease, cinnamon which will give strength to the person if applied to the skin.
• Weak Stomach: Get a loaf of bread, take the inside of the bread (white) and put cinnamon or cloves with a slice of quince, and alcohol all wrapped in a cloth and place over the pit of the stomach for one night.
• Whooping Cough: They told me to cook  borage with cinnamon and raisins and give them (the sick children) that water (tea) to drink. I was told to give it to them regularly, up to three (cups) four times a day. With that they started getting better and better until they were cured. Another remedy: Take milk of gum ammoniac, and of small cinnamon water. Tincture of castor, syrup of balsam. Mix.
• Worms: For worms boil Jerusalem-oak leaves, mix with syrup and cinnamon.
• Wounds and Sores: Wash with a tea made of Yerba buena (the mint plant), cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg

Perhaps Gypsy communities attitudes to everyday health, is the corect one, as western attitudes and NHS are:

                                           Making us sick, 

Yahoo news today - Candida is the problem

Do you really have a food intolerance? [Photo: kaboompics.com via Pexels]

#nocarb #glutenfree #wheatfree #nodairy #dairyfree. These days if an Insta hashtag doesn’t contain a ‘free’ or ‘no’ it isn’t worth it’s weight in heart emojis.

Bloated tummy? You must be wheat intolerant. Feeling nauseous? Time to go gluten free. More people than ever before seem convinced they have a food intolerance – but with so many possible symptoms, triggers and outcomes, are your dietary choices really to blame?

Whether you want a flatter tum, clearer skin, or a calmer gut the message seems to be that cutting out foods containing gluten, wheat, dairy or sugar is the way to go. But is culling an entire food group from your diet really necessary?

According to the Food Standards Agency, the gluten-free industry alone is worth a staggering £238 million and one in five of us regularly buys gluten-free. Yet only one in 100 has a true allergy to gluten.

So before you jump on a free-from bandwagon read our expert guide to working out if your guts really can’t tolerate gluten or if you’ve merely fallen out of love with lactose…

Food intolerance or fussy eater?

Nowadays planning a dinner party to cater for your pals various dietary needs is such an organisational nightmare it would give Deliciously Ella a headache. But do we all really have an actual intolerance or is it just a case of being fussy?

“Data on true food intolerance prevalence is poor, but The British Dietetic Association (BDA) estimate that between 1-10% of adults have a true food allergy, and up to 20% have symptoms that could be attributed to being food related,” explains James Collier, Registered Nutritionist & Co-Founder of Huel.com

Bloated? Time to go dairy-free? [Photo: Rex Features]

Spot the signs

“The symptoms of food intolerance usually affect the gut and might include abdominal cramps, bloating, wind and diarrhoea,” explains Dr Lauri-Ann Van der Poel, Paediatrician and Allergist at St Thomas’ Hospital and allergy expert for FoodMaestro, a personalised app that helps find the right foods for intolerance and allergy sufferers. “Non-gut symptoms may be neurological, such as headaches, general malaise, tiredness and poor concentration. Less commonly but not unusual, are aching joints and skin rashes which are typically non-itchy, as compared with allergic rashes.”

“Feeling generally unwell is also a symptom and can a lot of the time be ignored,” adds Caroline Oldham, founder of Biteappy.com, a worldwide directory for allergy friendly restaurants..

Start a food diary

Experts recommend an exclusion plan to learn about food triggers. “Keeping a food diary alongside a food exclusion plan for a month is a good way to determine whether you have a food intolerance,” explains Caroline.

“Try following a strict diet for a month and then reintroducing these foods one by one with a gap of 3-4 days between each one to help determine if you have a food intolerance,” she continues. 

But seek advice from your GP or registered nutritionist before beginning an exclusion diet. “An exclusion diet is the best way to really work out what is causing your problem but it’s not easy and should be done with the help of a GP or dietician,” explains allergy expert Rachael Dunseath
Founder Myroo Skincare, the UK’s first totally free from skincare brand. “Just ruling out food groups without advice can be harmful. Some groups are not easily identifiable either, such as the nightshade family which contains both potatoes and aubergines.”

[Photo: stokpic.com via Pexels]

Intolerance Vs allergy: Know the difference

“A food allergy is a potentially serious immune response to eating certain foods,” explains Dr Lauri-Ann Van der Poel, “These reactions usually occur within minutes to half an hour of eating the culprit food and can cause vomiting, rashes - especially ‘hives’ or urticaria, swelling and, potentially difficulty in swallowing, breathing and a change in level of consciousness.”

What about intolerances? “A food intolerance is an adverse reaction to food that does not involve the immune system and is not life-threatening,” continues Dr Van der Poel. “This may be due to an enzyme deficiency such as Lactose intolerante, which is due to lactase deficiency, resulting in difficulty in digesting milk sugar (lactose). Others can be pharmacological or a form of chemical reaction in the body, such as to sulphites, salicylates, histamine or caffeine.”

Those with allergies should seek medical help straight away, but if you have an intolerance, you could experience problems for several days after consuming the trigger food. This is part of what makes intolerance so difficult to diagnose.

Take a (reputable) test

If you’ve seen your GP and you’re still in the dark, you can take an independent test, but don’t be fooled into taking one that’s not actually as accurate as it seems. “There are a number of laboratories that claim to test for food intolerance.  However, be wary of these are many are based on pseudoscience and are not credible,” explains James.

Rick Hay, Anti Ageing Food and Fitness Nutritionist: The Super Foodist recommends YorkTest, which uses a simple pin-prick blood test to help to figure out your triggers, as well as offering advice and support from nutritionists. For more information on other reputable tests visit BDA and Food Intolerance Testing UK